A sample of 259 patients with vertical maxillary hyperplasia, mandibular hypoplasia and anterior vertical open bite (AOB), collected from three different hospitals, was analysed regarding condylar remodelling, and condylar resorption. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomies. Additional bilateral sagittal split advancement osteotomies were performed in 117 patients. Intraosseous wire fixation was used in 149 and rigid internal fixation in 110 patients. Lateral headfilms and panoramic X-rays were available before surgery, immediately after surgery, one year and 69 months (range 20-210 months) postoperatively. Condylar contours, as assessed panoramic X-rays, were classified into 5 different types. At the latest follow-up 23.6% of the patients showed condylar remodelling, 7.7% unilateral condylar resorption and 7.7% bilateral condylar resorption. Condyles with pre-existing radiological signs of osteoarthrosis or having a posterior inclination were at high risk for progressive resorption. Female patients with severe AOB, high mandibular plane angle and a low posterior-to-anterior facial height ratio, who underwent a bimaxillary osteotomy, were prone to condylar resorption. Bone loss was predominantly found at the ventral side of the condyle. The incidence of condylar resorption was significantly higher after bimaxillary osteotomies (23%) than after only Le Fort I intrusion osteotomies (9%). Avoidance of inter-maxillary fixation by using rigid internal fixation tended to reduce condylar changes. The orthodontic-surgical correction of AOB is more prone to PCR compared with any other dysgnathia.