The purpose of the study was to access the prevalence of erosive tooth wear in teenagers, and to investigate the relationship between erosive wear and dietary habits. In The Hague 345 10- to 13- year-olds and 400 15- and 16-year- klds were clinically examined. The index for the assessment of dental erosion described by Lussi was extended with a grade in order to differentiate between slight enamel wear and deep enamel wear. In the age group 10-13 years, erosive wear was found in 3% of the subjects and deep erosive enamel wear in 0.3%. Due to the low prevalence, this age group was excluded from further analysis. In the age group 15 and 16 years, erosive wear was found in 30% of the subjects and deep erosive enamel wear in 11%. Wear into dentine was observed in one person. The prevalence of erosive wear in boys was significantly higher than in girls (p < 0.001). First molars and maxillary incisors were affected preferentially. In first molars the occlusal surfaces were predominantly affected, in upper incisors the palatal ones. After exclusion of cases reporting frequent vomiting and introduction of the factor ‘gender’, gistic regression analysis showed no significant effect for the consumption of acidic fruit, fruit juice, soft drinks, sports drinks and dairy drinks. The results provide evidence of substantial erosive enamel wear in 15- and 16-year-olds. Further research into erosive wear of dental hard tissue is recommended.