Obstructive sleep apnea is a common sleep-related breathing disorder. Although maxillomandibular advancement is widely recognized for its proven effectiveness, there are still uncertainties surrounding this procedure. This research therefore focused on the indication, surgical techniques, and outcomes of maxillomandibular advancement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that maxillomandibular advancement is more effective than multilevel surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Both maxillomandibular advancement and hypoglossal nerve stimulation were identified as effective and safe treatment methods for obstructive sleep apnea. Various retrospective studies also indicated that patients with hypopnea-dominant obstructive sleep apnea are better candidates for maxillomandibular advancement, in contrast to patients with cardiovascular diseases or a higher central apnea index. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that maxillomandibular advancement is effective in patients with a high percentage of central and mixed apneas, despite the potential surgical inaccuracies of maxillomandibular advancement, highlighting the broad applicability of this treatment method.